⚡ Peak Electricity Demand Forecasting

Interactive calculator for US electricity demand, generation capacity, and infrastructure planning

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Peak Demand
LCOE — New Capacity
Capital + O&M + fuel + T&D + storage + grid
Total Infrastructure Cost
Avg Annual CAPEX
Land Required
Generation only

Peak Demand by Component

Generation Mix — New Capacity (effective allocation)


Land Footprint by Technology (sq mi)


Recommended Siting Regions (US) & Land Acquisition Notes

TechnologyPrimary US RegionsKey Siting FactorsTypical CFLand UseLand Cost Basis
Nuclear Southeast (GA, SC, FL), Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest Cooling water source, seismic stability, NRC exclusion zone, proximity to load 90–93% ~500 ac/GW (NRC exclusion + cooling pond) $10,000/ac — regulated/industrial corridor land. Model includes land in Plant CAPEX.
Solar Southwest (AZ, NM, NV, CA), Texas, Southeast High GHI (>5.5 kWh/m²/day), flat terrain, water access, grid proximity 22–35% 5 ac/Megawatt (single-axis tracking) $3,000/ac — rural agricultural/desert land. Model includes land in Plant CAPEX.
Wind Great Plains (TX, KS, IA, OK, WY), Mountain West, Midwest Wind speed >7 m/s, low population density, transmission corridor access 35–50% 0.3 ac/Megawatt footprint; ~5 ac/Megawatt leased from landowners $2,000/ac — farmland lease/easement. Model includes land in Plant CAPEX.
Natural Gas Gulf Coast (TX, LA), Permian Basin, Appalachia, industrial corridors Gas pipeline access, cooling water, proximity to load centers 30–55% ~50 ac/500 Megawatt plant $5,000/ac — industrial/commercial zoned land. Model includes land in Plant CAPEX.

⚠️ Land acquisition costs shown above are included in Plant CAPEX and the LCOE figures throughout this tool. The "Grid Modernization" sidebar slider covers regional transmission build-out beyond these direct site costs. Actual site costs vary significantly by state, proximity to load, and permitting requirements.

US Generation Siting Map

Circle size represents estimated land footprint per site, proportional to model output for each technology. Click any circle for site details.

⚠️ Locations shown are representative deployment zones based on resource quality, transmission access, and regulatory precedent — not definitive project sites. Bubble area ∝ land required per site (total model land ÷ number of representative sites shown). Nuclear sites shown near existing NRC-licensed corridors; solar in southwest high-GHI zones; wind in Great Plains resource belt; gas along Gulf Coast pipeline infrastructure.

⚠️ LCOE covers new capacity only — capital, O&M, fuel, transmission & distribution, and grid storage for intermittents. Does not include existing grid costs (~$0.06–0.08/kWh additional for delivery).
Capital costs calibrated to EIA AEO 2025 and NREL ATB 2024. IRA tax credits (30% ITC for solar/wind, PTC for nuclear) are not applied here — they reduce effective solar/wind capital by ~30%, lowering those LCOEs by ~$10–15/MWh.

Comprehensive Cost Analysis (30-Year Lifecycle)

All-In LCOE by Technology


Detailed Cost Breakdown by Technology

TechnologyAlloc %Installed MegawattsEquip+ConstLand Acq.T&D CAPEXStorage CAPEXTotal CAPEXAnn. Debt SvcLCOE/Megawatt-hour¢/kWh

LCOE Cost Components (weighted avg)


Financing Scenarios

Pre-Built Scenarios (same demand forecast)

ScenarioTotal CAPEXLCOE/Megawatt-hourCost ¢/kWhLand (sq mi)NuclearSolarWindGas